Mesoamerican nephropathy (MN) is a chronic tubule-interstitial nephropathy, originally described in Central America, and whose etiology is still unknown. Among its many proposed inducing factors are severe dehydration, rhabdomyolysis, nephrotoxicity, chronic infections, genetic predisposition, etc. However, clinical cases similar to MN have been described in other geographically distant and ethnically diverse regions which have a common factor: the intensity of heat and rural physical labor. For this reason, we suggest the term "agricultural nephropathy" as more appropriate name for this condition.