The ancient Muisca in the Valley of Leiva of the Eastern Andean Cordillera were monument buildings strongly influenced by climate change.Research at El Infiernito, the Stonehenge of Colombia, examined socio-environmental contexts related to the impacts of drought, flooding, and erosion vital to the development of past chiefdom societies.Chiefly elites responded to adverse water-related conditions by engineering a hydraulic landscape but also modified their built environment employing stone architecture and stone monuments that embodied religious and celestial cosmology.Investigations at a rare stone building and the discovery of nearby human burials begin to show evidence for a chiefly compound at El Infiernito.Reconnaissance nearby also located new irrigation works and astronomical-related monuments that appears to correspond to a quintuple planetary grouping visible in 710 AD.These data show that elites employed both tangible and intangible responses to overcome limitations posed by the natural and cultural environments.