Even as our understanding of governance and economic development has evolved, bolstered by the discussion of the role of networks, learning, and leadership, theory and evidence on economic development governance in Latin American regions remains weak. In this chapter we review the literature in geography, development, and planning on peripheries, governance, and local economic development with a particular focus on networks, learning, and leadership. We find that scholars are beginning to rethink the idea of periphery in the context of globalization, and in addition are reconceptualizing the Anglo-dominated framing of governance based on experiences from the Latin American continent, with its gradual recovery from centralist statism and experimentation with different forms of territorial governance. Recent research has also begun reframing the traditional conceptions of networks (i.e., moving away from the Third Italy model to a more complex understanding of how social capital penetrates power structures), learning (i.e., not just tacit knowledge but collective learning processes), and leadership (e.g., not just formal authority and catalytic actors but shared and inclusive leadership). The chapter shows how our cases will extend and refine these concepts, which historically drew mostly from experiences in large urban agglomerations rather than from peripheral regions.