Upon examination of recently collected epipsocid barklice from natural areas of Colombia, five new species of Neurostigma Enderlein, 1900 were found: N. lienhardi sp. nov., N. mockfordi sp. nov., N. newi sp. nov., N. thorntoni sp. nov., and N. valderramae sp. nov. They are here described and illustrated. A cladistic analysis of 32 morphological characters indicates that Neurostigma is monophyletic. An updated key for the identification of males of the described species of the genus is presented.