A measurement of the Higgs boson Yukawa coupling to the top quark is presented using proton-proton collision data at $\sqrt{s}=13\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}$, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $137\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, recorded with the CMS detector. The coupling strength with respect to the standard model value, ${Y}_{t}$, is determined from kinematic distributions in $t\overline{t}$ final states containing $ee$, $\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\mu}$, or $e\ensuremath{\mu}$ pairs. Variations of the Yukawa coupling strength lead to modified distributions for $t\overline{t}$ production. In particular, the distributions of the mass of the $t\overline{t}$ system and the rapidity difference of the top quark and antiquark are sensitive to the value of ${Y}_{t}$. The measurement yields a best fit value of ${{Y}_{t}=1.16}_{\ensuremath{-}0.35}^{+0.24}$, bounding ${Y}_{t}<1.54$ at a 95% confidence level.