Spanish Abstract: Esta investigación indaga los factores asociados a la resiliencia académica en el contexto colombiano. Para ello se estiman modelos logísticos multinivel con información de PISA 2018. Los resultados confirman la importancia de características de los alumnos; adicionalmente, la alta varianza entre colegios indica que existen factores escolares relacionados con la probabilidad de que los estudiantes vulnerables tengan éxito escolar. Son favorables las estrategias de aseguramiento de la calidad, el apoyo del docente, el adecuado ambiente escolar y el control del acoso escolar. La identificación de estos aspectos es útil para el desarrollo de políticas que contribuyan en la reducción de los efectos negativos de la adversidad socioeconómica en el logro educativo, indispensable para fomentar la movilidad social y combatir la desigualdad.English Abstract: This paper aims to inquire about the factors associated withacademic resilience in the Colombian context. To reach this objective, multilevel logistic models are estimated with data from PISA 2018. The results confirm the importance of individual-level characteristics. Besides that, the high variance between schools indicates that there are school factors related to the probability that vulnerable students achieve school success. Specifically, implement educational quality assurance, develop teaching processes characterized by the constant support of the teacher, achieve an adequate school climate and control bullying situations tend to give disadvantaged students a higher probability of achieving educational success. Identifying these aspectsis useful for developpolicies that contribute to reducing the negative effects of socioeconomic adversity on educational achievement, which is indispensable to promote social mobility and fight inequality.