This paper puts in dialogue the texts “Pierre Menard, autor del Quijote” (1939) by Jorge Luis Borges and Respiración artificial (1980) by Ricardo Piglia, because of the inclusion of the tale in the novel. Its analysis as a whole reveals a common denominator between the two texts: the epistemological deconstruction of historiography. Examining the texts from such an axis allows, on the one hand, to deepen the role played by the Borgian story in Piglia’s novel. On the other, it opens new channels to read “Pierre Menard” from a perspective linked to historiographical criticism, never mentioned before.