Abstract One of the problems derived from the overcrowding of cities and industry is the location of optimal facilities, these types of problems suffer from the problem of dimensionality themselves. In the following article, the problem is formulated in a mathematical way and it is approached from a metaheuristic epistemology which is the only methodology for now to find local optimum, since these optimization problems are still open in the scientific literature because they are considered problems of nondeterministic polynomial time. The explored technique is that of genetic algorithms which uses the classical theory of evolution to formulate and solve optimization problems.