This article explores the geopolitical, economic and social context in which the 2030 Agenda emerged, for Sustainable Development and the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) approved by the United Nations General Assembly in September 2015, with the purpose of understanding the new status, the advances achieved and the pending challenges of the middle income countries, with special reference to the Latin American. Keywords: 2030 Agenda; International Cooperation; Latin America & Caribbean; Middle income countries; Global governance; Public policies.