Ceramic materials are widely studied due to their high productivity and efficiency. This work was developed by means of a descriptive type methodology where it was investigated the influence of the microstructure of ceramic materials in their thermal expansion and their mechanical properties. The objective is focused on exposing the main methods of computational simulation and the efficiency in their thermal and mechanical properties, when materials are pragmatically submitted to alloys with different elements. The papers reviewed were produced in the last decade. Finally, emphasis was placed on the possible fields in which exploration is recommended.