Asthma is not well investigated in sub-Saharan Africa and little is known about the IgE-sensitization profile of patients living in this area. To study the molecular sensitization profile of 35 asthmatic children in a semi-rural area (Lambaréné) of an African country Gabon). Fifty-nine children with confirmed asthma were tested in skin prick tests to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae, cat, dog, cockroach, grass, alternaria and peanut. Sera were obtained from 35 children, 32 with positive and 3 with negative skin reaction to Dermatophagoides. Sera were tested for IgE-reactivity to D. pteronyssinus by ImmunoCAP, to 176 allergens from different allergen sources by ImmunoCAP ISAC microarray technology and to seven Blomia tropicalis allergens by dot blot assay. Thirty-three of the 59 children were sensitized to Dermatophagoides and 23 of them were also sensitized to other allergen sources, whereas 9 patients were only sensitized to allergen sources other than Dermatophagoides. The 35 tested patients showed high IgE-binding frequencies to the Blomia tropicalis allergens Blo t 5 (43%), Blo t 21 (43%) and Blo t 2 (40%), whereas the most frequently recognized D. pteronyssinus allergens were Der p 2, Der p 21 and Der p 5 (34%, 29% and 26%). Der p 1 and Der p 23, only recognized by 11% and 14 % of the patients, had IgE titers comparable of that of Der p 2. Levels of IgE towards potentially cross-reactive allergens of the 2 mite species were low. Only few patients showed IgE reactivity to allergens from other allergen sources, except to allergens containing carbohydrate determinants (CCDs) (30%), to several tropomyosins, or to allergens with homology to proteins of the antigen 5 (Ag5)/Sol i 3 cluster, Ves v 5 (69%) and Pol d 5 (54%). Allergens of the 2 mite species (Dermatophagoides and Blomia tropicalis) were found to be mainly responsible for IgE-associated asthma in children in equatorial Africa whereas other respiratory allergens (e.g., pollen allergens, pet allergens) were of little importance. Further investigations are needed such as the identification of the specific African cockroach allergens or the identification of insect/parasite species that lead to sensitization in Africa.