This paper presents a detailed description of the data obtained as a result of the computational simulations and experimental tests of an MPPT controller based on an ADALINE artificial neural network with FIR architecture, trained with the RTRL and LMS algorithms that were used as mechanisms of control in an off-grid photovoltaic system. In addition to the data obtained with the neural control method, the data for the MPPT controller based on the traditional Perturb and Observe (P&O) algorithm are presented. The simulations were performed in MATLAB/Simulink software without using the Neural Network Toolbox for controller training. The experimental tests were performed in an open space without shaded areas, exposing the neurocontroller to varying environmental conditions. Additionally, the scripts developed in MATLAB for the neural training algorithms used in the simulations are presented. These computational simulations were structured in five test cases to represent the behavior of each controller under varying environmental conditions. The codes developed in C are part of the implementation of the MPPT neurocontroller in the PIC18F2550, from which the experimental data were obtained. The data and codes presented in this research are available in the Mendeley Data repository, which allows evaluating the performance and optimizing the training algorithms with the purpose of improving the control methods applied to photovoltaic systems.