The management of natural resources, especially energy resources, is a challenge for today's society. For this reason, Energy Efficiency (E.E.) is considered as a key tool to promote economic growth, reduce the consumption of natural energy resources, and help to solve multiple environmental impacts. In this study, a systematic mapping of the literature concerning E.E. is carried out. Based on the research questions formulated in the systematic mapping, a knowledge gap is identified, which is that the problems linked to energy are not being addressed from a systemic and interdisciplinary paradigm. This calls for the development of methodological, sociological, and technological processes that allow understanding of E.E. from a systemic perspective. Finally, the basis for an alternative vision of E.E. in Colombia is proposed, which tends towards the sustainability and conservation of natural energy resources.