The dominant state of the 20th century in Colombia was the result of the political process lived during the 19th century. This one sought to assimilate but to attenuate, the modern ideology that was taking place in the international context. In order to accomplish this, Colombian politicians developed a double speech about Colombian identity: a “modern” foreign policy and an internal policy with rural and semi feudal features. Artists and intellectual people, felt and represented in their works the consequences of this paradox.