Opuntia soederstromiana is recorded in Colombia for the first time. Botanical explorations were carried out in eastern Colombia sub-xerophytic enclaves, as well as examination of specimens deposited at the herbaria AZUAY, COL, GH, NY, QCA, QCNE, UPTC, and US was made. Lectotypes for the names O. dobbieana (here treated as heterotypic synonym of O. soederstromiana) and O. soederstromiana are designated on specimens preserved at US and NY. A detailed and expanded morphological description of O. soederstromiana, as well as data about type, habitat, conservation status, selected iconographies, and distribution area were given. The number of Opuntia species recorded in Colombia has increased to 10. A key for identification of Opuntia species occurring in the departments of Boyacá and Santander (Colombia) was also provided.