The hydrocarbon-producing Midyan Basin is located in northwestern Saudi Arabia and is surrounded by the Proterozoic igneous basement of the Arabian Shield. It includes thick hydrocarbon-producing sedimentary sequences deposited in half-grabens that formed during rifting of the Red Sea and the gulfs of Suez and Aqaba in the Early Miocene (23.3 Ma). The early syn-rift succession consists of arid alluvial fan sediments and playa evaporates, followed by shallow marine carbonates. The late syn-rift sequences consist of progradational deep sea turbidites and Alpine-type glacial deposits indicating strong vertical uplift during the climax of the rifting (19 Ma). The post-rift succession overlies the late syn-rift successions and consist of shallow marine marls and evaporites. The aim of this study is to examine the hydrocarbon potential of the turbidite sandstones and the formation of various types of glacial deposits in the Burqan Formation. This study also encompasses the importance of various geologic processes in order to understand their significant influence on the geometry, continuity and reservoir quality of oil and gas producing genetically different sandstones in the subsurface of the Burqan Formation in the Midyan Basin. The Alpine-type glacial deposits provide an excellent opportunity to study the presence of continuous vertical and lateral facies variations between true glacial, glacio-fluvial and glacio-marine deposits in the direction of sediment transportation. Unsorted moraines deposited in the deep and U-shaped glacial valleys occupy the northwestern part of the basin. They pass gradually into glacio-fluvial sandstones that contain large polished and striated boulders. In the southeastern part of the deep basin, the glacio-marine deposits are associated with deep sea turbidites and pelagic shales. Many stratigraphic and sedimentologic sections were measured from well-exposed outcrops in every part of the basin to establish various depositional environments. A large number of sandstone samples was collected to examine their reservoir quality.