The analysis of regional inequalities in human development has become an important topic of research. However, there are few applied studies from a spatial perspective. The objective of this study is to identify patterns and spatial dynamics in human development within Mexican municipalities for the years 2010 and 2015. With the use of spatial analysis methods, this article analyzes geo-referenced data in the human development index (HDI) at municipal level. The results indicate the existence of municipalities with virtuous and vicious dynamics of human development with persistent patterns in time and space, as well as those with spatial resilience that tend to become enclaves of human development. The main conclusion is that spatial dependence prevails among neighboring municipalities and we propose that the territorial factor in human development be considered for the design and execution of social policies.