The article carries out a critical comparison of the theories of conditioning and expectation. It takes up Oron Frenkel’s proposal in order to determine whether the notion of motor intentionality makes it possible to establish a theoretical framework that overcomes the deficiencies of those theories. Finally, it analyzes the category of form and the physical, vital, and human orders set forth in The Structure of Behavior (1976) as alternative approaches. The conclusion highlights the value of the patient’s experience in trials, and suggest the possibility of redefining the traditional notion of consciousness understood as the formation of representations and judgments.