This work analyzes the construction of the figure of the miliciana (the militia woman) during the Spanish Civil War in the poem «Rosario, dinamitera» (1937) written by Miguel Hernández and in the novel Contra viento y marea (1941) written by María Teresa León.Both literary texts gather different stereotypes related to the complex figure of the militia woman.In different ways, the poem and the novel show the contradictions generated by the binomial woman/fight within the Republican front.Hernández' poem presents a mythical view of the miliciana, whereas León's novel shows suspicion on the legitimacy of feminine militancy.