Using the D0 detector at the 1.8 TeV $\overline{p}p$ Fermilab Tevatron collider, we have measured the inclusive dijet mass spectrum in the central pseudorapidity region $|{\ensuremath{\eta}}_{\mathrm{jet}}|<1.0$ for dijet masses greater than $200\mathrm{GeV}{/c}^{2}$. We have also measured the ratio of spectra $\ensuremath{\sigma}(|{\ensuremath{\eta}}_{\mathrm{jet}}|<0.5)/\ensuremath{\sigma}(0.5<|{\ensuremath{\eta}}_{\mathrm{jet}}|<1.0)$. The order ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{s}^{3}$ quantum chromodynamics predictions are in good agreement with the data and we rule out models of quark compositeness with a contact interaction scale $<2.4\mathrm{TeV}$ at the $95%$ confidence level.