Most authors that measure WML in vascular dementia, correlate the severity of lesions with cognitive decline. In a previous study we suggested that demented patients, with stroke history have a cognitive profile of Alzheimer disease and that stroke is only a trigger of dementia. To determine if the white matter lesion (WML) volume, of demented patients, correlates with the cognitive decline profile. Thirty eight patients with dementia diagnosis, according the NINCDS–ADRDA and DSM IV criteria for Alzheimer Disease (AD), mild Cognitive impairment (MCI) and Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) went through a consensus diagnosis (Neurology, Geriatric, Psychiatry, and Neuropsychology) in San Ignacio Hospital Memory Clinic. The neuropsychological profile was evaluated with: verbal memory (Grober and Buschke), attention (TMT–A, symbol–digit), verbal fluency (FAS) and praxis (REY figure copy) tests. The patients with MRI that exhibited infarct were excluded. The WML volume was measured by hand with OSIRIS software by a blind evaluator. We correlated the total volume lesion and the cognitive profile using Wilcoxon rank–sum (alpha <0.05), performing in the stata 9.1 software. We didn't find correlation between WML and cognitive profile evaluated, except for the phonological fluency (p<0.05), suggesting frontal dysfunction, according to previous studies. The global cognitive decline of patients in this study, not limited to phonologic fluency, encourage us to pursuit a study to evaluate the hypothesis that suggests, that vascular lesions in demented patients, are probably parallel physiopathological findings but not the main cause of dementia.