espanolEste trabajo examina los determinantes del indice de cartera vencida (ICV) en el sector bancario colombiano, mediante la implementacion de un modelo con datos de panel a largo plazo. El estudio se hace por linea de credito (vivienda, comercial, consumo y microcredito) y su motivacion es la hipotesis de que tanto el comportamiento macroeconomico como variables especificas de los bancos tienen efecto sobre la cartera vencida y que dicho efecto varia dependiendo de la linea de credito. Los resultados permiten concluir que es posible explicar el ICV colombiano principalmente por variables macroeconomicas como la tasa de cambio representativa del mercado colombiano (TRM) y la tasa de interes real, y por variables propias de los bancos como la ratio de provisiones y la solvencia. Ademas, se evidencia que los efectos varian dependiendo de la linea de credito, donde la linea de vivienda es la que menos responde a cambios en variables micro y macroeconomicas; mientras que la linea comercial es la que muestra mayor influencia de estas variables. EnglishThis paper examines the determinants of Non-Performing Loans (NPLs) in the Colombian banking sector, through the implementation of a model with long-term panel data. The study is done separately for four loan categories (mortgages, business loans, consumer loans and microcredit) and its motivation is the hypothesis that both the macroeconomic behavior and the specific variables of the banks have an effect on loan quality and that these effects varies depending on the loan category. The results allow us to conclude that the NPLs in the Colombian banking system are possible to explain mainly by macroeconomic variables such as the exchange rate and the real interest rate, and by bank-specific variables such as provisions ratio and solvency. In addition, it is evident that the effects vary depending on loan categories, where mortgages are the least responsive to changes both in micro and macroeconomic variables; while the business loans are most responsive to these variables.