This paper identifies effects on mobility, stock and growth of the automotive fleet, in Colombia to 2050, according to demographic changes in major cities, trends in economic growth by productive sectors, generation capacity of the energy matrix, and dynamics of potential demand for household consumption, industry and transport. The research is part of an energy transition scenario, which stimulates the use of electric vehicles and gas, with reduction of the vehicle fleet intensive in diesel and gasoline. From the results obtained, it is concluded: a) The contribution in taxes of the fuel surcharge, the reduction of the potential growth of the economy in the long term, and growth of the per capita income not sustained in labor productivity, condition the spending capacity of Colombian households to quickly migrate in the medium term from the gasoline-diesel vehicle to the electric vehicle; there is no homogeneity in future traffic dynamics between cities, which is explained by differences in demographic transition dynamics, asymmetries in infrastructure, and gaps in per capita income; c) the potential of the electric market by 2030 would be based on 100 thousand units in the family use vehicle fleet, with greater growth potential in public and freight transport, and gas vehicles; d) sustainable increases in years of gas self-sufficiency, will limit the potential growth of the electric vehicle stock.