Purpose : To examine the impact of undertaking roles in Sport Education on responsibility levels of elementary school students. Method : Forty-one fifth- and sixth-grade students participated in a 15-lesson season. Students undertook five different roles into the Sport Education season and presented differing initial perceived responsibility scores. Results : Results in this study convey students’ responsibility improvements for both personal and social responsibility during a season of Sport Education. There are differences in students with low perceived responsibility depending on the role they undertake, whereas students with high perceived responsibility do not present any difference according to the role they perform. Conclusion : In the physical education context, the teachers have to consider the personal characteristics of the students in the process of mapping students to roles.