This article is a reflection on the approach, criteria and methodology to study the history of political-theological thought during the independence of New Granada. In this way, it raises the relevance of four fundamental questions about the types of sources, their author, the motivation of the author and the functionality of the document. It also proposes the analysis of four levels of reality: source-author, theological currents, intellectual trends of the time and characteristics of the historical-cultural context. Finally, it raises some characteristic elements of political-theological thought: history interpretation, conception of power and type of government, ethical sources and legislation, relationship between civil and religious power, and political project (temporal and eschatological). This type of analysis allows comparing both arguments and, or common conceptual elements, as opposed political-theological approaches; and, in this order, elucidated the influence of the Enlightened thought typical of the Hispanic sphere, in conceptions as different as Illustrated Despotism and Catholic Liberalism.