Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are associated with in inflammatory diseases and inflammation plays an important role in primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP).Therefore, this study evaluated the relationship between estimating recurrence risk and simple blood test such as NLR and PLR in patients with PSP.We designed a retrospective study examining the benefit of NLR a nd PLR in estimating recurrence in PSP patients.Patients were divided into 3 groups according to their recurrence: Group 1 (132 patients; defined as no recurrence); Group 2 (46 patients; defined as one recurrence); Group 3 (16 patients; defined as two or more recurrence).The clinical blood parameters were compared among the groups.Mann-Whitney U test, Chi-square and ANOVA test were used to analyze data.NLR and PLR were significantly elevated in patients with recurrent PSP (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively).The best NLR cut-off value for predicting recurrence was 3.5 with 87% sensitivity and 63% specificity, and the best PLR cut-off value was 144.5 with 75% sensitivity and 66% specificity.NLR and PLR may have clinical importance, because the early markers of recurrent PSP.