During the last decades, an increasing number of studies have focused their attention on the development of energy system models in order to facilitate sustainable energy planning strategies and understand the technical challenges associated with the integration of renewable energy sources. However, these models usually require detailed and large amount of data as inputs. The data presented in this article provides key inputs and modelling assumptions adopted in the research paper titled "Large scale integration of renewable energy sources (RES) in the future Colombian energy system" [1]. These datasets can be used by researchers and policymakers in order to analyse different pathways oriented to the development of low carbon strategies for Colombia and countries with similar energy systems.