A measurement is reported of the jet mass distribution in hadronic decays of boosted top quarks produced in pp collisions at √s=13 TeV. The data were collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb−1. The measurement is performed in the lepton+jets channel of t¯t events, where the lepton is an electron or muon. The products of the hadronic top quark decay t→bW→bq¯q′ are reconstructed as a single jet with transverse momentum larger than 400 GeV. The t¯t cross section as a function of the jet mass is unfolded at the particle level and used to extract a value of the top quark mass of 172.6±2.5 GeV. A novel jet reconstruction technique is used for the first time at the LHC, which improves the precision by a factor of 3 relative to an earlier measurement. This highlights the potential of measurements using boosted top quarks, where the new technique will enable future precision measurements.Received 9 November 2019Revised 25 March 2020Accepted 1 May 2020DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.202001Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP3.© 2020 CERN, for the CMS CollaborationPhysics Subject Headings (PhySH)Physical SystemsTop quarkTechniquesHadron collidersParticles & Fields