In Latin American and Caribbean countries, research and developmental processes have been the determinant factors in productivity, innovation, and economic growth since they have contributed to not only a more competitive, and egalitarian society, but also to greater welfare indices, which when factored in aides in problem-solving through the enrichment of scientific knowledge. Economic growth models based on Research, Development, and Innovation (R D I) have had the following objectives: long-term sustainability, stimulation of the creation of new discoveries that have been adding to the improvement of life quality and the production policies of developing territories. This literature review led to the designating of researchers as generating agents of scientific capital and recognizing them as a means of growth and impact in today's society. However, there is no coherence between the materialization of projects and the coverage of current needs in Latin America and the Caribbean, among some government agents along with the lack of prioritization in relation to the current problems of some developing countries.