Physical inactivity is among the 20 main risk factors of premature mortality and disability in Colombia according to the burden of disease, and its impact is greater in women. Active transportation is an strategy to improve physical activity levels within the population. Leisure-time bicycle use is very popular in Colombia, through activities as Ciclovia Recreativa, in which streets are closed every Sunday for motorized transport, but people seldom use bicycle for active transportation. In Bogota more 1´000.000 users gather every week but less than 5% of population commute by bicycle. This study aimed at identifying both short and long term challenges to promote active transportation by bicycle in Colombian urban context. Methods. First, we searched systematic reviews summarising the evidence of population interventions to promote active transportation. And second, we developed a deliberative dialogue with actors involved in the planning and promotion of policies and programs of active transportation by bicycle. We discussed the applicability and transferability of these evidence-based interventions in Colombia. Results. 2 systematic reviews showed the effectiveness of interventions to promote cycling and the positive associations between built environment and cycling. Challenges identified in the deliberative process were: initiatives to promote active transportation by bicycle are isolated and not intersectoral, most of the active transportation users are men, cyclists are seen as people of low socioeconomic status and lack of essential conditions of road safety and physical security in bike path network. Conclusions. Several barriers as road safety, insecurity and adverse social and cultural environments affect physical activity promotion through active transportation by bicycle. Main recommendations of the deliberative process were to: tackle gender inequalities, improve the social recognition of the cyclist and assess health risks associated with bicycle use.