In this study we present a new methodology to monitor concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 particulate material with diameters of 10 μm and 2.5 μm, respectively. This method can be extended to monitoring black carbon, which is composed of particles with a diameter smaller than 2.5 μm. Traditionally, the monitoring of PM particulate material has been done using robust and expensive equipment such as BAM and TEOM, which should not be subject to continuous movement dynamics to avoid deterioration or possible damage. Therefore, in our research associated with the study of air quality, we use low cost, reliable and easy mobilility Shinyei optical sensors, allowing its using in any place or region. To ensure reliability in the measurement of PM concentrations, the corresponding intercalibration with reference equipments was made. Simultaneously, we made measurements of macroscopic state variables associated with the climate, then we modeled and simulated the dispersion and diffusion of PM in the air of the municipality under study. Next, we compare simulation and monitoring results to know the air quality status. Basically, we follow the methodology of a research program that we design and which is constituted by several phases and whose general objective is the study of air quality. In each phase of this program, the inventory of emission sources is intensified to involve other pollutants, including greenhouse gases. Finally, it is show the results obtained from the first phase implemented in the municipality of Vijes, Valle del Cauca, Colombia. These results were socialized with the governmental entities responsible for the care of the environment, too, in scientific events. Actually, the socialization with the inhabitants of the mentioned municipality is in process.