The aim of this research is to prepare various carbonaceous materials with different textural, structural and chemical characteristics, using mango seed a rarely used residue for the preparation of activated carbons, as the precursor material. The mango seed was analyzed by TGA and SEM also methodological data about the preparation of activated carbons are provided. Four activated carbons were prepared using sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and calcium chloride (CaCl2) as activating agents and were characterized by means of TGA, SEM/EDX, Boehm Titration, isotherm determination of N2 adsorption-desorption at −196 °C and immersion calorimetry. Four carbons were obtained with superficial areas BET between 6 and 33 m2 g−1 and different chemical characteristics associated with the changes in the concentration of the activating agents. The activated carbons that were prepared with the highest activating agent concentrations, obtained better results in the amount of oxygenated surface groups, the total acidity and the amount of fixed carbon. The enthalpy of immersion in water was between 7 and 16 J g−1.