Laparoscopy is a minimally invasive technique that requires surgeons to acquire special motor skills derived from an extensive training. This work focuses on exploring the neurophysiological changes associated with motor learning. Electroencephalographic (EEG) signals were recorded from eight subjects while performing a bimanual coordination task in a laparoscopic simulator. Spectral power measurements in theta, alpha and beta bands during four training sessions were calculated. Power indices, task score and perception of mental workload were evaluated using analysis of variance to show the effect of training session. Results show improvements in task performance and changes in power measurements associated with the training process. This work opens the possibility to assess the training performance of surgical residents using electrophysiological recordings.