Exclusive cross sections and momentum distributions have been measured for quasifree one-neutron knockout reactions from a $^{54}\mathrm{Ca}$ beam striking on a liquid hydrogen target at $\ensuremath{\sim}200\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}/u$. A significantly larger cross section to the ${p}_{3/2}$ state compared to the ${f}_{5/2}$ state observed in the excitation of $^{53}\mathrm{Ca}$ provides direct evidence for the nature of the $N=34$ shell closure. This finding corroborates the arising of a new shell closure in neutron-rich calcium isotopes. The distorted-wave impulse approximation reaction formalism with shell model calculations using the effective GXPF1Bs interaction and ab initio calculations concur our experimental findings. Obtained transverse and parallel momentum distributions demonstrate the sensitivity of quasifree one-neutron knockout in inverse kinematics on a thick liquid hydrogen target with the reaction vertex reconstructed to final state spin-parity assignments.