Purpose: Since the diagnostic value of ileoscopy is not well documented, it is uncertain if terminal ileum intubation should be performed routinely in patients undergoing colonoscopy. We aimed to assess the diagnostic yield of terminal ileum intubation during colonoscopy according to indications for colonoscopy. Methods: This is a descriptive-retrospective study in which the results of the colonoscopies of 2202 patients were evaluated with (1467 patients 67%) and without ileoscopy carried out at Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe in MedellínColombia, a hospital of fourth level during April from 2004 to March of 2006. Results: The main indications of the colonoscopy were abdominal pain (46%), rectal bleeding (22%) and diarrhea (11%). More frequents findings in ileal intubation were: erosions (50%) and ulcers (40%). Overall, the terminal ileum was abnormal in 72 of 1467 patients (5%) There were a significant association between the ileoscopic findings and antecedents as: consumption of AINEs (p < 0.001), HIV (p < 0.001), and indications like: abdominal pain (OR de 2, CI 95%:1.2-3.3, p< 0.005), diarrhea (OR de 9.5, CI 95%: 5.8-15.6, p< 0.001) and follow-up of IBD (OR de 5.6, CI 95%: 3.2-9.6, p< 0.001). In agreement with a model of nonconditional logistic regression the most important variables that indicate the necessity of ileal intubation are: abdominal pain, diarrhoea, antecedent of EII and the age. Conclusion: Ileal intubation is a procedure that offers a bigger diagnostic possibility in a group of patient with some indications and specific antecedents. Further study is required to determine whether terminal ileum examination impacts patient management or outcome.