Dementia has been declared a Global Challenge [1].However, strategies to tackle it are far from global.Epidemiological forecasts are more alarming for low and middle-income countries (LMIC) than for high-income countries (HIC), and yet provisions to support the former are scarce and, in some cases, as we discuss below, impractical.New initiatives are emerging to close these gaps.The Latin America and Caribbean Consortium on Dementia (LAC-CD) [2] and the Global Dementia Prevention Program (GloDePP Consortium; Wang, H. from Peking University and Chan, K.Y. from University of Edinburgh.Preventing dementia and improving dementia care: setting and addressing research priorities in China.Supported by Global Challenges Research Fund Networking Grants) are two examples (see Figure 1).They are seeking strategies to meet and map local and global challenges.Both consortia agree that actions to improve diagnosis and post-diagnostic support are of utmost priority.Here we discuss theory-driven, culturally valid, and interdisciplinary approaches that can yield affordable, reliable, and practical solutions to meet these outstanding needs. COGNITIVE AGEING IN LMICHow to manage and treat our ageing population is of critical concern to governments and healthcare providers across the world.Globally, due to declining fertility rates and increasing life expectancies, we are experiencing rapid population ageing.Within developing countries, age-related mortality is often viewed within the context of poverty, disease, and conflict, with little focus on the growing rates of dementia that rise in line with a growing population of older adults [3].In 2015, Alzheimer' s Disease International (ADI) reported that there are over 9.9 million new cases of dementia each year worldwide, implying one new case every 3.2 seconds [4].Investigations of the incidence rates in HIC have yielded a number of encouraging results.For example, in the UK, the Medical Research Council Cognitive Function and Ageing Studies I and II suggest the incidence rate for dementia has fallen by 20% over 20 years (with this mostly occurring in men) [5].Likewise, in the USA -Framingham Heart study -incidence rates are reported to have dropped by a rate of approximately 20% per decade [6].These decreases may be linked to factors such as those associated with reduced vascular risk [7].In LMIC, despite reports that the incidence rate is 10% lower than in HICs, the risk profile is shift-