Shaping the identity of religious education is a challenge for all countries that have included the teaching of religion in school curricula as a strategy to promote the religious affiliation of new generations. These countries have done so due to their historical links to different religious traditions. In fact, the revision of the role of each one of the components of the curricular matrix for the education of children and adolescents entailed a new discussion concerning the continued teaching of religion and its organization. The inter-institutional and interdisciplinary work carried out by researchers from the Universidad Santo Tomás in Bogotá and the Fundación Universitaria Católica Lumen Gentium in Cali made it possible to establish the epistemological foundations and contribute to the study of the nature of Religious Education in Colombian schools.