Nanotechnology is a subject in many studies conducted in the technological areas and it has been showing a great importance on the development of advanced research in various areas. In the gradual evolution of lubricants as well as in performance improvement oxide nanoparticles have been used as chemical additives for the development of lubricating oils. Therefore, the aim of this article is to study the advantages and disadvantages on the use of iron oxide nanoparticles in synthetic oil based on friction and wear tests. The nanoparticles was obtained the hydrothermal aided by microwaves and after characterized through tests, XRD and SAXs. Tribological experiments were performed with aditived oil, featuring very different results than expected.