The headquarters of the Spanish Empire, Madrid, and the seat of the Viceroyalty of New Spain, Mexico City, will be compared regarding the visual configuration of their respective main squares, the Plaza Mayor and the Zocalo, between the Sixteenth Century and the Seventeenth Century. During this period, the modifications that occurred in the configuration of both squares demonstrate several elements in common. The purpose of this comparison is to verify the influences of indigenous and European models between the capitals of the Spanish Empire on both sides of the Atlantic, to constitute the urban visuality of these places as centers of power and their symbolic meanings. This, in order to demonstrate, thus, that the big Amerindian square influenced the formation of “Plaza Mayor” in Madrid.