The essay offers a detailed and critical analysis of the most relevant sources and bibliographical contributions to the study of the history of pre-Hispanic art in Colombia, including archaeological and historical, as well as formal and iconographic studies devoted to different cultures and regions of the country. It opens with a critical-theoretical discussion on issues of heritage, colonialism, multivocality, and violence, and closes, after a historical-geographical survey, with some remarks on the continuity of indigenous cultural and artistic forms after the conquest, Afro-descendant influence, and Colombia’s placement in the wider context of pre-Hispanic art in America.