The ergonomics of surgical instrumentation professionals in surgical wards is described, due to the scarce information available. The bibliographic review was based on the data obtained with the keywords and Boolean operators. There were 51 references, 39 of the last ten years. The literature recognizes the ergonomic work risk of instrumentation and points out some elements of the operating room as possible risk factors. The activity assistance in surgery is when more harmful postures are generated, associating some surgical specialties with postural stress and especially in laparoscopic ones. The most frequent musculoskeletal symptoms are identified in the work performance as well as their possible causes, making the appropriate preventive recommendations to improve the ergonomics of these professionals in surgery rooms. Abbreviations: IQ, surgical instrumentation, surgical instrumentation; RL, occupational risks.