Bordetella pertussis is a recognized gram-negative pathogen related to acute respiratory disease in the human species. Every day there is a greater report of infectious diseases produced by other bacteria of the Bordetella genus. The current theoretical models and the scientific evidence in relation to the evolution of the different bacteria of the genus, have opened new possibilities of understanding to decipher the paradigms in bacterial speciation, as well as the genetic and genomic factors involved in such process. The objective of this article is to explore the genetics, genomics and findings in phylogenesis of the Bordetella genus and disseminate current knowledge regarding the nosological role for human health of the new pathogens of the group.