Objective: in Colombia there are no studies on the subject, so this work aims to determine the prevalence of alcohol consumption and psychoactive substances in patients admitted to the emergency department of the Hospital of San José victims of traffic accidents. Methods: cross-sectional observational study. All patients admitted to the emergency department as victims of a traffic accident were included, applying a survey prepared by the authors. Blood samples were processed in which urine could not be collected for different reasons. Results: the prevalence of alcohol consumption was 4.83% and psychoactive substances 20.15%. We evaluated 124 patients, 55.5% men, average age 34 years, the most frequent victim condition was 44% pedestrian and 46% had lesions at the extremities level. Conclusions: it is surprising how the presence of psychoactive substances is greater in our patients. Hopefully, this prevalence can generate policies for its detection as the first cause of traffic accidents.