The composition and structure of thrips populations were determined in agroecosystems of 10 crops in the Andean, Caribbean, and Orinoquia regions of Colombia.From 18,183 identified specimens, 81 species belonging to 20 genera and three families were found.The Andean region was the most diverse with 60 species (n = 11,360, Chao 1 = 70.5,H′ = 1.986), followed by the Caribbean region with 42 (n = 5,960, Chao 1 = 57.6,H′ = 2.256) and the Orinoquia with 24 (n = 863, Chao 1 = 31; H′ = 2.301).The crop with the richest fauna was avocado (Persea americana) Mill.with 40 species (n = 4,047, Chao 1 = 55.17,H′ = 1.302), followed by coffee (Coffea arabica) L. with 26 (n = 1,395, Chao 1 = 33; H′ = 1.026), cassava (Manihot esculenta) Crantz.with 25 (n = 1,050, Chao 1 = 29.67,H′ = 1.635), citrus (Citrus spp.) with 22 (n= 836, Chao 1 = 25.75,H′ = 1.748), corn (Zea mays) L. with 22 (n = 1,647, Chao 1 = 24.5,H′ = 1.365), mango (Mangifera indica) L. with 17 (n = 1,144, Chao 1 = 18.5, H′ = 1.303), blackberry (Rubus glaucus) Bentham.with 11 (n = 545, Chao 1 = 16, H′ = 0.886), banana (Musa spp.) with 9 species (n = 1,798, Chao 1 = 9, H′ = 0.208), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) L. with 8 (n = 5,621, Chao 1 = 11, H′ = 0.913), and rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) Müll.Arg. with 4 species (n = 90, Chao 1 = 4, H′ = 0.594).Differences were found in the distribution of the species in the altitudinal gradients and in the biogeographical regions.Frankliniella gardeniae Moulton, was the most abundant species, with the highest presence in crops, the greatest geographic and altitudinal distribution. ResumenSe determinó la composición y estructura de trips en agroecosistemas de diez cultivos en las regiones Andina, Caribe y Orinoquía de Colombia.A partir de 18,183 especímenes identificados, se encontró un total de 81 especies, en 20 géneros y tres familias.La región Andina fue la más diversa con 60 especies (n = 11,360, Chao 1 = 70.5;H′ = 1.986), seguido de la región Caribe con 42 (n = 5,960, Chao 1 = 57.6;H′ = 2.256) y la Orinoquia con 24 (n = 863, Chao 1 = 30; H′= 2.265).El cultivo con mayor riqueza fue el aguacate (Persea americana) Mill.con 40 especies (n= 4,047; Chao 1 = 55.17;H′= 1.302), seguido del café (Coffea arábica) L. con 26 (n = 1,395; Chao 1 = 33; H′ = 1.026), yuca (Manihot esculenta) Crantz.con 25 (n = 1,050; Chao 1 = 29.67;H′ = 1.635), cítricos (Citrus spp.) con 22 (n = 836; Chao 1 = 25.75;H′ = 1.748), maíz (Zea mays) L. con 22 (n = 1,647; Chao 1 = 24.5;H′ = 1.365), mango (Mangifera indica) L. con 17 (n = 1,144; Chao 1 = 18.5;H′ = 1.303), mora (Rubus glaucus) Bentham.con 11 (n = 545; Chao 1 = 16; H′ = 0.886), plátano (Musa spp.) con 9 especies (n = 1,798; Chao 1 = 9; H′ = 0.208), algodón (Gossypium hirsutum) L. con 8 (n = 5,621; Chao 1 = 11; H′ = 0.914) y caucho (Hevea brasiliensis) Müll.Arg.con 4 especies (n = 90; Chao 1 = 4; H′ = 0.594).Se encontraron diferencias en la distribución de las especies de trips en los gradientes altitudinales y en las regiones biogeográficas.La especie más abundante, con mayor presencia en cultivos, mayor distribución geográfica y altitudinal, correspondió a Frankliniella gardeniae Moulton.