Taken together, the 13 essays that compose this volume provide an excellent introduction to the current state of modern Latin America's environmental history. The volume admirably achieves both major goals established by the editors: to provide a synthesis of recent works in the field and to expose “some of the seams and unresolved tensions in the practice of Latin American and Caribbean environmental history” (p. x). While the volume will be of significant utility to established scholars in the field, graduate students and those new to the terrain of modern Latin America's environmental history are likely to be the greatest beneficiaries. Most of the chapters are also concise and cogent enough to be accessible to advanced undergraduates.The diverse assortment of scholars who have contributed to this volume provide broad thematic, geographical, and temporal coverage. In their introductory essay, John Soluri, Claudia Leal, and José Augusto Pádua persuasively argue for a framework of “multiple socioenvironmental processes” that make Latin America's environmental history unique (p. 14). The major processes that they suggest, which include the legacy of “Iberian imperialism, early but rather weak state formation, sustained intercontinental material exchanges, and tropicality,” are all revisited throughout the book (p. 14). Since these essays analytically connect the concerns of environmental scholars to the broader themes dominating modern Latin America's historiography—state formation, colonial legacies, economic development, and neoliberalism, among others—the book deserves a much broader audience beyond the field of environmental history.Four regionally bound overview essays from some of the field's most influential scholars follow the editors' introduction. Chris Boyer and Martha Micheline Cariño Olvera's work on Mexico's ecological revolutions and Reinaldo Funes Monzote's essay on the Greater Caribbean offer clear frameworks for periodizing these regions' modern environmental histories. In his fascinating work on indigenous “imprints and remnants” in the tropical Andes, Nicolás Cuvi argues that the endurance of many indigenous practices has blunted and modified modernity's advance and that some locally developed and time-tested adaptive practices might provide a sustainable path to development if taken seriously as practical measures and not just as academic curiosities. In his essay on Brazil, José Augusto Pádua explores the environmental dynamics of state-led developmentalist initiatives from the 1950s to support agribusiness and the territorialization of the country's vast and ecologically diverse interior.The seven thematic essays similarly cover wide ground and address predominant questions within the field. Topics range from tropical deforestation and conservation (Claudia Leal), the ecological and sociopolitical dynamics of urbanization (Lise Sedrez and Regina Horta Duarte), the impact of ranching and the growing local demand for beef (Shawn Van Ausdal and Robert W. Wilcox), state science initiatives (Stuart McCook), and the imprint of mineral and petroleum extraction (and organized resistance to it) on Latin America's natural and sociopolitical environments (Myrna Santiago). In his chapter on campesino agriculture, Soluri argues that the endurance of smallholder cultivation, even among export-oriented farmers, helps to explain the high level of agrodiversity throughout the region, despite the emergence of, and state support for, modern hybrid varieties. While campesino, and particularly indigenous, dietary preferences have driven this diversity, growing urban and international demand for specialty niche products have also helped to sustain these practices. Like Cuvi, Soluri sees this adaptive diversity as a crucial asset for the region and the wider world. Emily Wakild provides the final thematic chapter, in which she suggests that Latin America's protected national parks, which formally date only to the early twentieth century, have a deep history rooted in the late Pleistocene, when the megafauna extinctions permitted forests to spring forth from grasslands. Her subsequent twentieth-century periodization suggests the ways in which environmental historians can redraw temporal boundaries that connect the remote and recent pasts.The essays in this volume are more concerned with the present state of the field than with detailed historiographical analyses. Those hoping to learn more about the evolution of modern Latin America's environmental historiography will thus find the book and its notes somewhat disappointing. Instead, this volume looks to the future in hopes of setting scholars to work on the most pressing questions and conundrums currently at play. In the epilogue, J. R. McNeill revisits the editors' opening discussion of how to situate modern Latin America's environmental history in relation to the rest of the world without losing sight of the region's “eccentricities.” In a few short pages, McNeill lays out a research program that includes such topics as marine environmental history, the region's early embrace of oil, and the environmental significance of Latin America's diverse cultural traditions. This volume is likely to encourage scholars to bring this research agenda to fruition.