The frequency of newborn infants with greater prematurity who require special care, due to their basic health condi­ tions, to improve survival and decrease long-term morbidity, is increasing every day in pediatric and neonatal practice. Nutrition using the digestive system in these patients has been a major and changing challenge as to the approach that it is given, for it has been related to specific pathologic conditions and it has been demonstrated that improving these conditions decreases future complications significantly. It must be considered that neonatal nutrition infers on the development and future health of individuals in their adult life.