Diversity of butterflies (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea) and their relationship with the highlands' landscape in the northeastern Andes of Colombia.-TheAndean region harbors a great variety of ecosystems, including the characteristic high mountain zones.The biological diversity in these zones, however, is declining as the result of changes in land use, particularly the introduction of agriculture and cattle ranching.Changes in the high mountain landscape can be appropriately monitored using diversity indicators such as butterflies, one of the most important indicator species.We chose twelve sampling points in the paramo (high altitude moor) complexes Almorzadero, Santurbán and El Tamá, located in the northeastern region of Colombia to collect adult butterflies within transects of 100 x 4 m, along an altitudinal gradient of 500 m.We recorded 69 species, from five families.Diversity values of the diurnal butterfly communities varied among the different areas of vegetation coverage associated with each transect.Conserved vegetation coverage (i.e.dense forest, scrublands and scrublands, and paramo and subparamo) showed the highest values of diversity, while perturbed coverage (i.e.fragmented forests, pastures and agriculture areas) presented the lowest values of diversity.Analysis of the community structure showed that endemic butterfly species were associated with fragmented areas in the high mountains.Findings from this study, the first of its kind to determine changes in butterfly diversity in highlands in northeastern Colombia, may help to generate conservation strategies in places where there is high endemism and diversity.