This article proposes a political reading of the Republic of the Indigenous Race or Recta Provincia: an organization that existed in the province of Chiloé (Chile) during most of the 19th century until it was dismantled in 1880, when its members, suspected sorcerers, were denounced and persecuted, accused of various homicides and illicit associations. The article shows the peculiarities of this organization, highlighting its political role, its links with the former república de indios, and its pretensions of insertion in the liberal context of the Republic of Chile. Finally, the article shows one of the ways in which race operated in this South American republic.