This study aimed at evaluating the internal consistency of the Antisocial Behavior Questionnaire and analyze its factor structure. Specifically, it sought to evaluatethe suitability of one-factor and multifactorial models, and to verify the extent to which scores of antisocial behavior vary according to gender. We counted with twodifferent samples of school adolescents. They answered, among other measures, the Antisocial Behavior Questionnaire and demographic questions. The resultsindicated that the multidimensional model composed of five independent factors was more suitable than the one-factor model as well as the model with five factorsof first order and a higher order factor. The male participants had higher scores on aggression, theft, conduct against the rules and vandalism. No significantdifferences were found for problems with drug abuse. We conclude, therefore, that the antisocial behavior is adequately represented by a multidimensional structurecomprising acts of different types and gravities, and that these are more likely in males than females.Keywords: Antisocial behavior, dimensionality, factorialstructure, gender differences.