Three new species and seven new subspecies of Philaethria from Colombia, Venezuela, and Panama are described as follows: P. browni sp. nov., P, romeroi sp. nov., P. neildi neildi sp. nov., P. neildi winhardi spp. nov., P. neildi tachiraensis spp. nov., P. dido panamensis ssp. nov., P. andrei orinocensis ssp. nov., P. ostara araguensis ssp. nov., P. ostara meridensis ssp. nov., and P. pygmalion metaensis ssp. nov. The three new sibling species are diagnosed using characters of maculation on the ventral surface of the wing, male genitalia, and chromosome numbers. New records of P. andrei from Venezuela and P. dido from Panama are reported. The adults (both dorsal and ventral surface) are illustrated for all the species and subspecies and information about habitats and behavior for each species is provided with a key to identify the species known in the Neotropical Region.